Answer:
Climate change is rapidly becoming known as a tangible issue that must be addressed to avoid major environmental consequences in the future. Recent change in public opinion has been caused by the physical signs of climate change–melting glaciers, rising sea levels, more severe storm and drought events, and hotter average global temperatures annually. Transportation is a major contributor of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gas emissions from human activity, accounting for approximately 14 percent of total anthropogenic emissions globally and about 27 percent in the U.S.
Fortunately, transportation technologies and strategies are emerging that can help to meet the climate challenge. These include automotive and fuel technologies, intelligent transportation systems (ITS), and mobility management strategies that can reduce the demand for private vehicles. While the climate change benefits of innovative engine and vehicle technologies are relatively well understood, there are fewer studies available on the energy and emission impacts of ITS and mobility management strategies. In the future, ITS and mobility management will likely play a greater role in reducing fuel consumption. Studies are often based on simulation models, scenario analysis, and limited deployment experience. Thus, more research is needed to quantify potential impacts. Of the nine ITS technologies examined, traffic signal control, electronic toll collection, bus rapid transit, and traveler information have been deployed more widely and demonstrated positive impacts (but often on a limited basis). Mobility management approaches that have established the greatest CO2 reduction potential, to date, include road pricing policies (congestion and cordon) and carsharing (short-term auto access). Other approaches have also indicated CO2 reduction potential including: low-speed modes, integrated regional smart cards, park-and-ride facilities, parking cash out, smart growth, telecommuting, and carpooling.
Explanation:
Answer:
Mutation occurred in ribosome binding site that serves as binding site for 30S ribosomal subunit of <em>E. coli</em> and allows the process of protein synthesis to begin.
Explanation:
The initiation of protein synthesis in bacteria requires binding of the ribosome to the ribosome binding site. The ribosome binding site in bacteria consists of the initiation codon "AUG" and the preceding Shine-Dalgarno sequence. The AUG initiation codon and Shine Delgrano sequence are around 10 bases apart.
The sequence is polypurine hexamer and is represented by 5' ...AGGAGG...3'. Shine-Delgrano sequence is complementary to the conserved sequence present at the 3' end of 16SrRNA of the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. Binding of Shine Delgrano sequence of ribosome binding site and the complementary sequence of the 30S ribosomal subunit marks the first step in the initiation of protein synthesis.
Any mutation in the ribosome binding site would not allow the process of protein synthesis to start or would reduce the rate of the initiation of protein synthesis.
Answer:
Prezygotic barriers:
1. Habitat isolation
2. Behavioral isolation
Explanation:
Pre-zygotic barriers are the barriers which do not allow the formation of the zygote in the organisms.
The two mechanisms of the pre-zygotic barriers are the:
1. Habitat isolation: the Flycatchers do not share the same habitat which is also mentioned in the question that they live on different islands.
2. The behavioural isolation: the Flycatchers could have evolved the different mating rituals as a result of which the could not interbreed.
Thus, Habitat isolation and Behavioral isolation are correct.
Answer: choice B. Climate
Explanation:
Climate is the relative temperature of a region over time.
Pigment molecules capturing photons in the chloroplast are organized in distinct structures called photosystems.
Photosynthetic pigments, which include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids, are light-harvesting molecules found in chloroplast thylakoid membranes. As previously stated, pigments and proteins are organized into complexes known as photosystems.
Photosystems are functional units for photosynthesis that are defined by specific pigment organization and association patterns. Their work is the absorption and transfer of light energy, which implies electron transfer. Photosystems are physically found in thylakoid membranes.
Chloroplasts are chlorophyll-containing organelles found in plant cells; they are essential for life on Earth because photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts. Proplastids give rise to chloroplasts, as do chromoplasts, leucoplasts, and other plastids. Light energy absorption and conversion into biological energy
To learn more about photosystems and chloroplasts, here
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