B because it is the opposite of it sitting in the cold
Answer:
explanation:
o occurs in both plants and animals not just animals
Answer:
a. the pH within the thylakoid is less than that of the stroma
Explanation:
The pH of thylakoid membrane is 8 at normal conditions but it became highly acidic like 4 during photosynthesis. The electron transport chain utilize the energy released by excited electrons to pump the H+ ions to lumen of thylakoid membrane from stroma during light reaction of photosynthesis. The H+ ions are present in both the stroma and thylakoid membranes. These high potential H+ ions are utilized by ATP synthase complex for the production of ATP.
We know that more the H+ ions lesser will be the pH and lumen have the high concentration of H+ ions. While the pH of stroma is normally kept acidic by plants to create a concentration and potential difference of H+ ions for the production of ATP. That why the lumen have lower pH than stroma of chloroplast.
Answer:
Parasitism: one species is benefitted and the other is harmed. So it is a negative interaction.
Commensalism: One species is benefitted while the other is neither harmed nor benefitted.
Mutualism: Both the species are benefitted by the interaction.
Explanation:
Parasitism is negative interaction
Commensalism and mutualism are positive interactions
