Bartolome de las Casas was a 16th-century priest who arrived as a colonist in the early years of the Spanish conquest of America. He was appointed first Bishop of Chiapas (now Chiapas, Mexico) and referred to as “Protector of the Indians.” He is especially remembered because of his efforts to improve the treatment of the indigenous people in the colonies.
Question 1:
Las Casas argued against those who believed that Indians were a primitive race, and as such needed to be subjugated by force for their own good. This was the view of scholars like Sepulveda. Las Casas, however, argued that the development of Indian people was parallel to that of many major cultures around the world. He claims that:
- The Indians selected men of high virtue to be their gods, unlike cultures like the Greeks or Roman, who chose imperfect gods. He argues this implies that the Indians have a better understanding of “godliness” and therefore would not be difficult to convert.
- They had good laws and customs, such as successful marriages and coronations of rulers.
- Their industries employed specialized people, with societies being able to cover everybody’s needs.
Question 2:
Las Casas’ ethical arguments were also powerful. He argued that Indians were children of God, and should be treated as such. He also claimed that they were good at heart; with good feelings and not deceitful. Therefore, they had the right to be taught the doctrine of God as any other good person would.
He also argued that Indians were made by God. Everything they were was intended by God, and he gave them their resources for them to use them as well as they could. They used them in a particular way, but were intelligent enough to be taught better ways.
Government established the Departments of Foreign Affairs, War, Marine, and Treasury. Congress had no power to coin money, therefore each state developed its own currency. Congress was unable to regulate interstate and foreign commerce some states refused to pay for goods they purchased from abroad.
<h2>Strengths & Accomplishments:</h2>
- Government signed a treaty of alliance with France in 1778.
- Government successfully waged a war for independence against the British.
- Government negotiated an end to the American Revolution in the Treaty of Paris, signed in 1783.
- Government granted the free inhabitants of each state “all the privileges and immunities of free citizens in the several states.”
- Government provided for the eventual admission of Canada into the Confederation.
- Government passed the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, which allowed the Northwest Territories to organize their own governments.
- It allowed the eventual admission to the Union of no more than five states, and no fewer than three, “on an equal footing with the original states.”
- The Ordinance also banned slavery from the region.
- Government established the Departments of Foreign Affairs, War, Marine, and Treasury.
<h2>Weaknesses:</h2>
- Congress had no power to coin money, therefore each state developed its own currency.
- Congress was unable to regulate interstate and foreign commerce; some states refused to pay for goods they purchased from abroad.
- Congress was unable to impose taxes, it could only borrow money on credit.
- No national court system was established to protect the rights of U.S. citizens.
- No executive branch was established to enforce laws.
- Amendments could be added only with the approval of all 13 states.
- Approval of 9 of 13 states was required to pass a law in Congress.
- One vote was allotted for each state, despite the size of its population.
- It was just a “firm league of friendship.”
<h2>What are the strengths of the US Constitution?</h2>
- Its self-correcting and self-regulating nature made possible through amendments, the constitutional supremacy it embraces, the bill of rights, the separation of powers and its simplicity of design are major strengths of the constitution.
- The Constitution is a timeless document due to the adaptability of its nature.
<h2>What is the weakness of the US Constitution?</h2>
- Too much power is given to unelected and unaccountable judges.
- It can be argued that the growth of presidential and federal power has not been sufficiently constrained and that constitutional rights and states' rights are therefore not sufficiently protected.
Learn more about Articles of Confederation here:
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False... its spanish Buenos Aires is the capital of Brazil?