Glutamine and glutamate are the primary nitrogen donors for biosynthetic reactions in the cell. Glutamine is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Its side chain is similar to that of glutamic acid, except the carboxylic acid group is replaced by an amide. It is classified as a charge-neutral, polar amino acid. It is non-essential and conditionally essential in humans, meaning the body can usually synthesize sufficient amounts of it, but in some instances of stress, the body's demand for glutamine increases, and glutamine must be obtained from the diet. Glutamate is generally acknowledged to be the most important transmitter for normal brain function. Nearly all excitatory neurons in the central nervous system<span> are glutamatergic, and it is estimated that over half of all brain synapses release this agent. Glutamate plays an especially important role in clinical neurology because elevated concentrations of extracellular glutamate, released as a result of neural injury, are toxic to neurons</span>
The amount of DNA that is associated with each nucleosome is a approximately 200 bp. This is determined by treating chromatin wwith a certain enzyme that cuts DNA. This enzyme is called DNases. Every chromosome has hundred of thousands of nucleosomes that are joined by DNA strands that pass between them.
Translation is the second phase of protein synthesis. This process occurs in the cytoplasm in an organelle called the ribosome. Where the strand of RNA is deciphered to synthesize peptides.
Answer:
X. Mechanisms and habits that include limit water loss.
Explanation:
Many mammals that live in dry ecosystems tend to have above adaptations because there is a shortage of water in these areas. And of course water is the most essential thing for survival.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Mutations occur oftenly in organisms because it is seen as natural. Not all generations will give offsprings with perfect traits, They tend to have either 50/50 inherited traits from each parent of 100% off a parent if it was asexual reproduction.
