Sorry I didn't see this before...
Okay, I see two major problems with this student's experiment:
1) Nitric acid Won't Dissolve in Methane
Nitric acid is what's called a mineral acid. That means it is inorganic (it doesn't contain carbon) and dissolves in water.
Methane is an organic molecule (it contains carbon). It literally cannot dissolve nitric acid. Here's why:
For nitric acid (HNO3) to dissolve into a solvent, that solvent must be polar. It must have a charge to pull the positively charged Hydrogen off of the Oxygen. Methane has no charge, since its carbon and hydrogens have nearly perfect covalent bonds. Thus it cannot dissolve nitric acid. There will be no solution. That leads to the next problem:
2) He's Not actually Measuring a Solution
He's picking up the pH of the pure nitric acid. Since it didn't dissolve, what's left isn't a solution—it's like mixing oil and water. He has groups of methane and groups of nitric acid. Since methane is perfectly neutral (neither acid nor base), the electronic instrument is only picking up the extremely acidic nitric acid. There's no point to what he's doing.
Does that help?
Answer:The frequency of the echo is slightly decreased
Explanation:
Given
speed of boat 
cliff is
away
when boat is still , suppose t is the time taken by the echo to reach observer on the boat
But as soon as boat starts moving the distance between cliff and boat decreasing and time for echo to reach observer also decreases
and we know 
therefore frequency of the echo slightly decreased.
Answer:
B. a piece of paper being torn
Explanation:
A chemical change is one that cannot be reversed. This means the original properties of the substance or object cannot be restored.
If you cook a raw egg, it would turn into a boiled egg (or a poached egg, however it is being cooked). The reaction is irreversible, so you cannot turn the cooked egg back into a raw egg - it is basically impossible to 'uncook' an already cooked egg.
When you toast a piece of bread, it turns into toast. You can't 'untoast' it back into bread. The chemical changes have already occurred and cannot be undone.
If you tear a piece of paper, it is still paper. You are only ripping it, not changing anything about it. You could simply tape the torn bit back to the original bit, or glue it - either way, it is still paper and nothing has occurred to drastically change the physical state of it.
Therefore, B is not a chemical change.
Answer:
The x represents the reference point on a motion map
Explanation:
-Motion maps are another way to represent the motion of an object. (other representations are graphical and mathematical models)
Answer:
a) this stone was first called Schorl stone
b)the first modern name for this mineral was Black tourmaline
Explanation:
hope this helps you!
:)