Characterization and determination of the S/G ratio via Py-GC/MS of agricultural and industrial residues.
<h3>What is the abstract?</h3>
To investigate the potential lignin values, agricultural residues (apple tree pruning, olive tree pruning, and almond shell) and industrial residues (kraft black liquor) were employed as source materials for lignin extraction via various fractionation procedures (kraft, organosolv, acetosolv and acetosolv and formosolv processes). Py-GC/MS, FTIR, and GPC were used to characterise the separated lignins. The fractionation method had a significant impact on the average molecular weight (Mw) assessed by GPC. The severe circumstances of the acetosolv and acetosolv-formosolv procedures favoured repolymerization, resulting in high Mw lignins. Because of the longer retention durations, the EKL had a smaller Mw. Except for almond shell lignin, which has the highest relative abundance of G-type phenols, all lignins have higher relative abundances of S-type phenols.
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There are many benefits provided by biodiversity. It can be in our biological resources, ecosystem services and also social benefits. The three social benefits provided by biodiversity would be the following:
1. Research, education and monitoring
2. Recreation & tourism
3. Cultural values
Explanation:
Biodiversity is “the variability among existing animals from all causes including temporal, marine and other aquatic ecosystems, and the environmental complex.
Pollinators, including bees and butterflies, contribute meaningful environmental and economic advantages to agricultural and essential ecosystems, including adding heterogeneity and productivity to food crops. As many as one-third of the world's food production relies directly or indirectly on insect pollination.
Answer:
Grain, species etc..
Explanation:
They were originally used to grind grain or spices or pump water and sawing wood. Now modern windmills are used for electricity.
Answer:
The correct answer is - leads.
Explanation:
In ECG or electrocardiogram, a test that is used to measure the electric activity of the heart of an individual, each electric impulse cause a electric wave to travel through the heart and cause the heart pump to pump blood.
There are electrodes that received the electric impulse in this machines, electrodes have self adhesive pads and attached with various leads mostly 12, that carries the impulses in the combinations that are recorded on the ECG.
Thus, the correct answer is - leads.
