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Theory of Plate tectonics: states that the Earth's solid outer crust, the lithosphere, is separated into plates that move over the asthenosphere

Lithosphere: the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

Convection currents: occur when a heated fluid expands, becoming less dense, and rises

Seafloor spreading: the formation of new areas of oceanic crust, which occurs through the upwelling of magma at mid-ocean ridges and its subsequent outward movement on either side.

Paleomagnetic: is the study of the record of the Earth's magnetic field in rocks, sediment, or archeological materials.

Divergent boundary: occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other.

Convergent boundary: is an area on Earth where two or more lithospheric plates collide.

Rift valley: A rift valley is a linear-shaped lowland between several highlands or mountain ranges created by the action of a geologic rift or fault.

Transform fault boundary: A transform fault or transform boundary is a fault along a plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal.

Subduction zone: is a region of the Earth's crust where tectonic plates meet.

Trench: Trenches are long, narrow depressions on the seafloor that form at the boundary of tectonic plates where one plate is pushed, or subducts, beneath another.

Continental-oceanic convergence: When two plates come towards each other they create a convergent plate boundary. The plates can meet where both have oceanic crust or both have continental crust, or they can meet where one has oceanic and one has continental.

Continental-continental convergence: So when two continental plates collide, they just smash together. When two plates of continental crust collide, the material pushes upward. This forms a high mountain range. The remnants of subducted oceanic crust remain beneath the continental convergence zone.

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