Answer:
NaCl and water: Ion - Dipolo forces
NaCl and Hexane: Ion-ion force between Na+ and Cl− ions and London dispersion force between two hexane molecules
Explanation:
<u><em>NaCl and water:</em></u>
The <em>ion-dipole force</em> is established between an ion and a polar molecule. Polar molecules are dipoles, they have a positive end and a negative end.
H2O has an important charge separation in its atoms (the H has a positive partial charge and the O has a negative partial charge) and this causes permanent electrical dipoles in the water molecules.
Sodium chloride is an ionic compound formed of positive and negative charge ions, Na + and Cl-. Depending on their charge, these ions will be attracted to opposite charges in the water molecules (H attracts chloride ions and O attracts sodium ions), causing the salt to dissolve in water.
<u><em>
NaCl and Hexane:</em></u>
The dispersion forces of London occur between apolar molecules, and they occur because when two molecules approach a distortion of the electronic clouds of both originates, generating in them, transient induced dipoles, due to the movement of the electrons, so it allows interact with each other.
Hexane is a non-polar molecule, which are those that have no charge separation within the molecules. Then there is <em>London dispersion force between two hexane molecules.
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On the other hand, the <em>ion-ion force</em> is produced between ions of the same or different charge, where ions with charges of opposite sign attract each other and ions with charges of the same sign repel each other. This is the force that occurs <em>between the NaCl ion</em>s.
So, we have:
- molecular weight
- shape
- temperature
- kinetic energy
- mass
- density
Let's rule out the different options.
- molecular weight: Say you have a molecule of H2O. H2O can be a solid, liquid, or gas, but its molecular weight never changes throughout (It's still the same molecule, no matter what phase it is in). We can rule this out.
- shape: Let's pretend we have three identical closed containers, and we fill each one halfway with water, blocks of ice cubes, and water vapor. In the container with water, you will see that the water takes the shape of the container, but doesn't fill the entire container up. The ice cubes will stay ice cubes, assuming they don't melt, so they don't take the shape of the container. The vapor will fill up the entire container. Since all three are different, I would say yes, this could be a distinguishable feature.
- temperature: In general, I would say no, because every element/molecule has different boiling points and different vaporization points. So if you have a liquid at 5°C, you could also have a different element in solid form at 5°C. But if you're comparing a single type of molecule, it would have a boiling point and a vaporization point, so you <em>would</em> be able to tell between them.
- kinetic energy: Kinetic energy refers to how much movement there is in respect to each molecule. In solids, the molecules are packed tightly together and can't move very much, so they have lower kinetic energy. In liquids, they are less packed, but still restricted. And in gases, they can fly freely, so they will have much more kinetic energy than liquids or solids. This one's a yes.
- mass: No matter what form, there are still the same amount of molecules, and each molecule has the same mass as before. It won't change.
- density: Since the molecules are more spread out in gases, it will be less dense. Liquids will be more dense, and solids will have the greatest density. So, yes.
Conclusion: shape, kinetic energy, density, (and temperature if it's talking about a single type of molecule)
<span>After many experiments and many different approaches to the question, the scientist may be able to develop a theory. The theory explains why nature behaves in the way described by the natural law. It answers not only the original question, but also any other questions that were raised during the process. The theory also predicts the results of further experiments, which is how it is checked. Theories are not the end of the process.</span>
