Nicotine on direct application in humans causes irritation and burning sensation in the mouth and throat, increased salivation, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. Predominant immediate effects consist of increase in pulse rate and blood pressure. Nicotine also causes an increase in plasma free fatty acids, hyperglycemia, and an increase in the level of catecholamines in the blood. There is reduced coronary blood flow but an increased skeletal muscle blood flow. The increased rate of respiration causes hypothermia, a hypercoagulable state, decreases skin temperature, and increases the blood viscosity.
For amphetamine the immediate effects are quicker reaction times, feelings of energy/wakefulness, excitement, increased attentiveness and concentration, feelings of euphoria. Side effects of amphetamines can include heart palpitations, dry mouth, headache, hostility, nausea, cognitive impairment, severe anxiety, lack of appetite, teeth grinding, dizziness, increased heart rate, heart palpitations, rapid breathing rate, hypertension (high blood pressure), increased body temperature, erectile dysfunction, irregular heartbeat.
Cocaine causes a short-lived, intense high that is immediately followed by the opposite intense depression, edginess and a craving for more of the drug the side effects are Loss of appetite increased heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, contracted blood vessels increased rate of breathing, dilated pupils, disturbed sleep patterns, nausea, hyperstimulation, bizarre, erratic, sometimes violent behavior hallucinations, hyperexcitability, irritability, tactile hallucination that creates the illusion of bugs burrowing under the skin, intense euphoria, anxiety and paranoia, depression, intense drug craving, panic and psychosis, convulsions, seizures and sudden death from high doses (even one time)
Answer:
Biology can simply be described as the study of living organisms. Biology is divided into many sub categories depending on the features of life that we want to study. For example, molecular biology is the study of molecules which make up living organisms.
Zoology can be described as a branch of biology under which animals are studied. The field of zoology involved studying the taxonomy of animals, their evolutionary histories, physiology, embryology etc. All these studies are parts of biology hence zoology and biology are related.
Apart from these other unifying principles shared between zoology and biology are genetics, cell biology, population biology,biochemistry etc.
Answer:
Ruminants include cattle, sheep, goats, buffalo, deer, elk, giraffes and camels. These animals all have a digestive system that is uniquely different from our own. Instead of one compartment to the stomach they have four. Of the four compartments the rumen is the largest section and the main digestive centre
1. The correct answer is option A
The thickest layer is Dermis which is made up of two layers papillary and reticular. The reticular dermis is the lower layer of the dermis and is made up of dense irregular connective tissue featuring collagen fibers.
2. The correct answer is option E
Bone is composed of fibrous and mineralized connective tissues which is enriched in collagen and calcium phosphate.
3. The correct answer is option C
Muscles are composed of two major protein filaments: a thick filament composed of the protein myosin and a thin filament composed of the protein actin. These two filaments slide over each other to repetitively contract the muscles.
