A nonpolar molecule is entirely symmetric. For a molecule to be nonpolar, it must have at least a linear, trigonal planar, or a tetrahedra shape. However, that’s not totally enough. For the molecule to be completely symmetric, aside from having a symmetric shape, all of the atoms that are connected to the central atom must be alike. Therefore, symmetry has two components, they are the geometric arrangement of the outer atoms and whether or not they are all the same.
Fundamentally, non-uniform or it is the uniform, distribution of electrons that ascertains if a molecule is polar or nonpolar, but this distribution is established by the dispersal and distinctiveness of the atoms in a molecule.
Answer:
You must remove
.
Explanation:
There are three heat transfers in this process:
Total heat = cool the vapour + condense the vapour + cool the liquid
q = q₁ + q₂ + q₃
q = nC₁ΔT₁ + nΔHcond + nC₂ΔT₂
Let's calculate these heat transfers separately.
Data:
You don't give "the data below", so I will use my best estimates from the NIST Chemistry WebBook. You can later substitute your own values.
C₁ = specific heat capacity of vapour = 90 J·K⁻¹mol⁻¹
C₂ = specific heat capacity of liquid = 115 J·K⁻¹mol⁻¹
ΔHcond = -38.56 kJ·mol⁻¹
Tmax = 300 °C
b.p. = 78.4 °C
Tmin = 25.0 °C
n = 0.782 mol
Calculations:
ΔT₁ = 78.4 - 300 = -221.6 K
q₁ = 0.782 × 90 × (-221.6) = -15 600 J = -15.60 kJ
q₂ = 0.782 × (-38.56) = -30.15 kJ
ΔT = 25.0 - 78.4 = -53.4 K
q₃ = 0.782 × 115 × (-53.4) = -4802 J = 4.802 kJ
q = -15.60 - 53.4 - 4.802 = -50.6 kJ
You must remove of heat to convert the vapour to a gas.
Answer:
Limewater is a solution of calcium hydroxide. If carbon dioxide is bubbled through limewater, the limewater turns milky or cloudy white.
Explanation:
yea
Answer:
Ka = 1.5 × 10⁻⁵
Explanation:
Butyric acid is a weak acid that ionizes according to the following equation:
CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-COOH(aq) ⇄ CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-COO⁻(aq) + H⁺(aq)
We can find the value of the acid dissociation constant (Ka) using the following expression:
where
[H⁺] is the molar concentration of H⁺
Ca is the initial molar concentration of the acid
We can find [H⁺] from the pH.
pH = -log [H⁺]
[H⁺] = antilog -pH = antilog -2.71 = 1.95 × 10⁻³ M
Then,
Answer:
Electrons on the outermost shell of an atom. They are responsible for the chemical properties of an atom.