Answer:
the sp³ orbital, is a very directional orbital that forms the bonds called covalent. the material is an electrical Insulator. hardness of the material comes from the energy needed to break the covalent bonds (sp³)
Explanation:
Carbon has several structures, for its different ways of bonding, in all these the orbital s is excited and mixed with the orbitals p, creating hybrid orbitals sp³, sp² and sp, there are some π orbitals around the latter.
Each type of hybrid orbital is linked differently, the sp³ orbital, is a very directional orbital that forms the bonds called covalent, where when it binds to another atom they share an electron, therefore the 4 sp³ orbitals form a stable molecule with full orbitals (8 electrons).
As the electrons are in the direction of the links, they cannot be easily moved, so the material is an electrical Insulator.
The hardness of the material comes from the energy needed to break the covalent bonds (sp³), there are only a few directions in which the links can be separated
<span>The heat energy is being transferred between the two substances by thermal conduction. Because the hot coffee is at a different temperature to the mug, heat energy flows between them so that they reach thermal equilibrium, or the same temperature. This kind of heat transfer always happens from hotter temperatures to cooler temperatures.</span>
Answer:
Transmission of telephone signals
Explanation:
Fiber optics are used for the transmission of telephone signals.
Answer:
The gravitational acceleration is 5.03 m/s² on the surface of the planet.
Explanation:
Frequency:
The number of complete oscillation per unit second is called frequency.
Angular frequency:
Angular frequency is the product of the oscillation frequency and the angle thought which the object moves.
Angular velocity
Given that,
Number of oscillation= 247, time= 793 s, length of the pendulum=1.31 m
Hz.
Angular velocity
=1.96 rad/s
We know that,
g= gravitational force of the planet
= length of the pendulum
= angular velocity
m/s²
= 5.03 m/s²
The gravitational acceleration on the surface of the planet is 5.03 m/s².