Answer:
Rectilinear propagation describes the tendency of electromagnetic waves to travel in a straight line. Light does not deviate when travelling through a homogeneous medium, which has the same refractive index throughout; otherwise, light suffers refraction.
(a)
The formula is:
∑ F = Weight + T = mass * acceleration
as the elevator and lamp are moving downward, I choose downward forces to be
positive.
Weight is pulling down = +(9.8 * mass)
Tension is pulling up, so T = -63
Acceleration is upward = -1.7 m/s^2
(9.8 * mass) + -63 = mass * -1.7
Add +63 to both sides
Add (mass * 1.7) to both sides
(9.8 * mass) + (mass * 1.7) = 63
11.5 * mass = 63
mass = 63 / 11.5
Mass = 5.48 kg
(b)
Since the elevator and lamp are going upward, I choose upward forces to be
positive.
Weight is pulling down = -(9.8 * 5.48) = -53.70
Acceleration is upward, so acceleration = +1.7
-53.70 + T = 5.48 * 1.7
T = 53.70 + 9.316 = approx 63 N
The Tension is still the same - 63 N since the same mass, 5.48 kg, is being accelerated
upward at the same rate of 1.7 m/s^2
First you need to make a difference between friction while object is stationary and the friction while object is moving. Force required to start moving some object is slightly greater than force required to maintain objects movement. That means that to move a chair you need some force F1 but you can than slightly reduce force and chair will still be moving.
Now to the problem in this question: It can be said that "stationary friction force" is equal to 15 Newtons. Its also good to know that friction force between chair and floor while you are increasing your push is also increasing and is equal to force of your push. Once it reaches 15N which is it "critical value" for that chair, chair starts moving and friction force drops a little bit and now it is called friction force of moving chair.
