1. The passing of traits from parents to the offsprings (children) is the basis of heredity. Traits are notable features or qualities in a person, such that each individual has a different combination of traits that makes us unique from others. They are inherited from our parents and passed from generation to generation. That is to our children, then our children to their children and so on.
2. Our genes encode the instructions that define our traits. Traits are majorly defined by the instructions encoded in the genes. However, environment may influences the traits and may play an important role in shaping the traits we posses. Often times these traits may be changed by the environmental factors.
3. Each of us has thousands of genes, which are made of DNA molecules and reside in our chromosomes. Genes are functional or fundamental units of heredity. They are made up of DNA molecules, and act as instructions to make proteins, through a process of transcription and translation. Transcription involves formation of a messenger RNA which then undergoes translation in the cytoplasm to make proteins.The protein formed determine the traits of an individual.
4. In addition to our genes, the Environment we live in also helps define our traits. The expression of genes in organisms may be influenced by environmental factors, these includes the external factors where the organism lives or develops, and also the internal factors such as its hormones and metabolism.
5. Human have two complete sets of 23 chromosomes. A human being has a total of 46 chromosomes (23×2 = 46). This is referred to as a diploid number (2n). Each set is considered to be a one homologous chromosome set. This is the case of of the somatic cells or the body cells which represents a diploid number of chromosomes.
6. When parents conceive a child, each parent contributes one set of chromosomes.This enhances the passing of traits or genes to the child. The egg cell or the ovum from the mother and the sperm cell from the father contain the haploid number (n) or one set of chromosome. During conception the two combines/fuse to form a zygote which is now diploid (2n).
7. Every child receives half of its chromosomes from the mother and another half from the father. During meiosis in the gametes for both mother and father a haploid cell is formed with one set of chromosomes (haploid, n). Therefore, each child contains half number of chromosomes from the mother and the other half from the father making up the diploid number (2n).
8. This transfer takes place at conception, when the father's sperm joins the mother's egg. During conception, fertilization takes place and the sperm cell fuses with the mother cell (ovum) forming a single cell called Zygote. The zygote has the two sets of chromosomes (23 +23 = 46). The cells then divide by mitosis leading to the development of a child.
9. While most cells in our bodies have two sets of chromosomes, or a total of 46 chromosomes, egg and sperm each have 23 chromosomes. The body cells (somatic cells) contain two sets of chromosomes (diploid number, 2n) from mitosis, while the gametes have a single set of chromosomes (haploid, n), from meiosis.
Starvation. When the body enters starvation mode or fasting for long periods of time, the body will start to tap on the stored fatty acids to produce ketone bodies. These ketone bodies will build up in the bloodstream, and will also be available if the brain has used up the stored glucose.
Answer:
A specific environmental factor that will cause a response to living things will be light from the sun.
Explanation:
An enhanced amount of light from Sun will cause the plants to have enhanced photosynthesis. Photosynthesis can be described as a process by which plants use light energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar (food) and oxygen.
In animals, enhanced amount of light from the sun will cause sweating and vasodilation.
The process of photosynthesis won't occur in animals and the process of sweating won't occur in plants.
Assuming that the affection is a recessive trait caused by a single diallelic gene, the percentage of the population that possess the heter0zyg0us advantage is 32%.
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- 1000 of African people population
- 4% of the population is born with sickle cell anemia
100% of the population -------------------- 1000 individuals
4% of the population with anemia------- X = (4 x 1000) / 100 = 40
0.04 is the frequency of individuals with sickle cell anemia.
Assuming that the affection is a recessive trait caused by a single diallelic gene, we can get the allelic frequency as follows.
- The genotypic frequency is q² = 0.04
- The allelic frequency is q = √0.04 = 0.2
Having the recessive allelic frequency, we can get the dominant allelic frequency, by clearing the following equation,
p + q = 1
p = 1 - q
p = 1 - 0.2
p = 0.8
So, the allelic frequencies are
p = 0.8
q = 0.2
To get the heter0zyg0us frequency, we just need to replace the values
2pq = 2 x p x q = 2 x 0.2 x 0.8 = 0.32
The frequency of the heter0zyg0us genotype is 0.32 = 32%.
32% of the population possess the heterozygous advantage.
You can learn more about Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at
brainly.com/question/8667324
Answer:
The difference between Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic cell are;

Explanation:
Prokaryotic cells
The plasma membranes surround prokaryotic cells, however, within their cytoplasm, there are no organelles bound to the membrane and there is no nucleus in the prokaryotic cell which differentiates it from the eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells also have plasma membranes, ribosomes and cytoplasm. Eukaryotic cells also have membrane-bound nucleus, membrane bound organelles, such as chloroplast, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus which together differentiates it from a prokaryotic cell