A.) Multicellular <span>organisms are made up of many different groups of specialized cells
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A protein domain is a conserved part of a given protein sequence and (tertiary) structure that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. Each domain<span> forms a compact three-dimensional structure and often can be independently stable and folded.
On the other hand, a motif is a </span>distinctive sequence<span> on a protein or DNA, having a three-dimensional structure that allows binding interactions to occur. Early on, clustering was used to detect common three-dimensional structural motifs in </span>proteins<span>.
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Answer:
d. Fluoride becomes incorporated into the crystalline structure of teeth, making them less susceptible to decay
Explanation:
Dental caries results when cariogenic (caries-causing) bacteria metabolize carbohydrates or sugars present in the mouth for their energy needs, producing organic acids as byproducts, thus lowering the pH of the plaque biofilm.
The hydroxyapatite of tooth enamel is composed mainly of phosphate ions (PO₄³⁻) and calcium ions (Ca⁺). Under normal conditions, there is a stable equilibrium between the calcium and phosphate ions in saliva and the crystalline hydroxyapatite. At low pH (acidic conditions), there is a shift in equilibrium resulting in the dissolution of hydroxyapatite from tooth enamel, a process known as demineralization. A reverse process called remineralization (the process of incorporation of minerals in tooth enamel) occurs when the saliva, acting as a buffer elevates pH. When equilibrium is shifted to favor continued demineralization, dental caries results.
However, when fluoride is present in saliva, fluorapatite, rather than hydroxyapatite, forms during the remineralization process as fluoride ions replace hydroxyl groups in the formation of the apatite crystal lattice.
Fluorapatite is less soluble than hydroxyapatite making it more resistant to demineralization, even under conditions of low pH. Thus, fluoride acts as an effective anticaries agent.
Given what we know, we can confirm that the property of enzymes most likely being studied is denaturation.
<h3>What is enzyme denaturation?</h3>
This is a process in which the enzyme loses its overall structure and the ability to perform its function. This happens most often at high temperatures but can be caused by other factors as well.
Therefore, we can confirm that the property of enzymes most likely being studied is denaturation.
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Answer:
true
Explanation:
The phloem carries food downward from the leaves to the roots. ... Phloem cells form a similar chain on the outer edges of the xylem, transporting food synthesized by the leaves downward through the stem.
