Answer:
b.Movement of phospholipids in the plasma membrane from one monolayer to the other requires the polar or charged head groupd to enter the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer. This process requires a large positive change in free-energy, thus making this type of movement unlikely without an input of energy
The plasma membrane serves a protective function for the cell and is a selective membrane for particles entry
Answer:
The given statement is true.
Explanation:
Alpha- defensins belong to the family of mammalian defensin peptides that belong to the alpha sub family. Defensins are anti-microbial molecules . They work against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, fungi and enveloped viruses. Alpha- defensins functions by attacking the intraluminal bacteria and fungal pathogens.
Reactive oxygen species are very reactive chemicals formed from oxygen. These are anti-microbial molecules. Reactive oxygen species are antimicrobial against Gram-positive and Gram -negative bacteria, viruses and fungi.
Learn more about defensins here:
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Answer:
1. Glycolysis
2. Cytoplasm
Explanation:
This question is describing the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration, which is the process by which organisms obtain their energy (ATP), occurs in stages. The first stage undergone by all living cells is called GLYCOLYSIS.
IN GLYCOLYSIS, glucose molecule (from digested food) is broken down via oxidation in the CYTOPLASM of the cell, into two molecules each of pyruvate, ATP, and NADH. The pyruvate proceeds to the other stages of cellular respiration.
<span> It could be weight loss, decrease in muscle mass, changes in hair or skin, diarrhea, extreme fatigue, difficulty recovering from infection or injury, enlarged liver, edema, drop in blood cell number, and frequent colds.
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