Studies with placebos and studies using hypnotism suggest that much of the reduction in pain in response to medical intervention is the result of decreased activation in the emotion areas of the brain
<h3>What is
brain?</h3>
The brain is a complex organ that regulates our body's thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, and hunger. The central nervous system, or CNS, is made up of the brain and the spinal cord that extends from it. brain, the mass of nerve tissue in the anterior end of an organism. The brain integrates sensory information and directs motor responses; it is also the center of learning in higher vertebrates. The human brain weighs about 1.4 kg (3 pounds) and is made up of billions of neurons.
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Osmoreceptors within the hypothalamus detect and increase in plasma osmolarity. This results in a decrease in ADH release from the posterior pituitary, and hence decrease in water permeability of the collecting duct.
<h3>What is osmoregulation?</h3>
Osmoregulation is that the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids, detected by osmoreceptors, to take care of the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and therefore the concentration of electrolytes to keep the body fluids from becoming too diluted or concentrated.
The tendency of water to move into one solution from another by osmosis is osmotic pressure. The upper the osmotic pressure of a solution, the more water tends to maneuver into it.
<h3>Osmoregulation through kidney :</h3>
Pressure must be exerted on the hypertonic side of a selectively permeable membrane to stop diffusion of water by osmosis from the side containing pure water. Although there could also be hourly and daily variations in osmotic balance, an animal is usually in an osmotic steady state over the long term.
Organisms in aquatic and terrestrial environments must maintain the proper concentration of solutes and amount of water in their body fluids; this involves excretion (getting rid of metabolic nitrogen wastes and other substances such as hormones that would be toxic.
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Answer:
Novation
Explanation:
A Novation in a contract law or in any business law means to give the right of one party's obligation to the obligation of another party with the previous party's consent. It means replacing a party in a contract with a new party after the previous party has given her consent of replacement. The new party becomes the rightful owner of the contract and is responsible to the obligations.
In the given context, there is an novation agreement between Mary and Tina, when Tina replaces Mary with the obligations in the contract with the prior consent from to Mary as Mary has to move to other place because of work and does not wants to buy the house.
Hence the answer is --
Novation
There are many influences that could potentially lead a member of the House of Representatives to vote against the wishes of the people in their district. Simply the member could think that their constituents are incorrect in their view or don't possess enough information so therefore, they decide not to vote in accordance with the views of their constituents. Another influence could be that of their political party or the elites in their party that wish for the member to vote a certain a way. Another influence could be special interest groups or lobbies that seek to sway the views of Congress Members. These are all factors that together or separately could make a member of Congress vote in opposition of their constituents views.
