Answer:
1. Smog from the factories
2. The lighter colored moths
3. The darker colored moths
4. (see explanation)
Explanation:
The peppered moth originally had light wings with dark speckles, which blended in with the tree trunks they would land on. This kept them hidden from predators.
A genetic mutation was found in which some moths appeared with dark wings with light speckles. Predators could easily spot these moths, so there were much less of them.
During the industrial revolution, smog put into the air by new factories would cause the once light colored trees to be coated in black from the pollution.
Now, the light moths with dark speckles were more easily identified than their genetically mutated counterparts.
The dark moths with light speckles were now the ones that could camouflage with the tree trunks, and became the dominant variation as the light moths were being eaten more.
Artificial selection is the idea that humans and other organisms have control over this and natural selection is the idea that humans and other organisms have no control and it merely just takes place.
Answer : Option B) Density - dependent factor.
Explanation : Typhoid outbreak is dependent of the density as the people of the region are getting the water from the same source so, the density of the area is also an influencing factor in spreading the disease. The bacteria is also getting transmitted from one human to other human too.
B.) cellular transport, protection, recognition of cellular messages
Answer:
The duplication of a cluster of four Hox genes is equally likely as the duplication of a single Hox gene.
Explanation:
This comes from the definition of the parsimony principle, which is the action of choosing the simplest scientific explanation fitting the given evidence, meaning that all other elements are equal when evaluating the hypothesis. In biology the best hypothesis is the one that requires the fewest evolutionary changes.
Since three independent duplications of an individual Hox gene is in evolutionary terms, more complex than a single duplication or a cluster, then that hypothesis would be the most parsimonious.
