How does the contractile vacuole in a single-celled organism function to maintain homeostasis?

A competent bacterial strain with genes a, b, and c is transformed by a donor bacterial fragment. Cotransformation frequencies f

mina [271]

Answer:

a) Genes b and c are farthest apart.

Explanation:

Transformation occurs when a competent bacteria cell takes up genetic material from the environment. Usually a donor cell donates its gene fragment which is then incorporated into the chromosome or plasmid of recipient bacterial cell.

Cotransformation occurs when two genes are taken up together by the recipient. The closer the genes lie to each other, more are the chances of them being taken up together. Contransformation frequency will be higher if two genes are close to each other. Here, cotransformation frequencies between three genes are given. Amongst them, the lowest frequency is 0.0064% which is present between gene b and c. Hence, gene b and c are the farthest apart.

4 0

3 years ago

Describe the structures of proteins and nucleic acids, and then explain the relationship between these two molecules within a ce

barxatty [35]

Proteins are large biological molecules consisting of one or more chains of amino acids. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is decided by the nucleotide sequence of their make-up, and which usually results in folding of the protein into a three-dimensional structure that determines its job.
 Nucleic acids are linear polymers (chains) of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of three things: a purine , nitrogenous base a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group.
 
Basically Proteins are chains of amino acids, nucleic acids are chains of nucleosides (base+sugar+phosphate), and the sequence of nucleic acid results in the specific sequence of amino acids in the protein, finnally determining its shape and function.

4 0

3 years ago

Help please !! I really don’t understand this much☹️

morpeh [17]

Ok, so I wrote these out just to make it a little bit easier for you to understand what I am about to explain.

So for the first one you have two different traits that can be inherited- having freckles or having no freckles, F and f respectively. The dominant trait (or having freckles) is shown by the capital F, and is almost always expressed over the recessive trait, or the lowercase f. So, for example, if you have a genotype of Ff, the trait having freckles will show up instead of not having freckles. The only way that you could have the trait of no freckles show up is if there are two recessive alleles for having no freckles, or ff. In this case, you have two parents who are both heterozygous for the trait of having freckles, so in other words the mother has Ff and the father has Ff. Each parent passes down one allele to the offspring, so since you are breeding Ff and Ff, you should result in having the possible genotypes of FF, Ff, Ff, and ff. This means that there is a 25% chance that the offspring will be homozygous for having freckles, a 50% chance that the offspring will be heterozygous for having freckles and a 25% chance that they would be homozygous for having no freckles, or a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incomplete dominance is a little bit different that just a normal monohybrid cross. Instead of just the dominant gene showing up in a heterozygous genotype, both traits show up. So like the question says, if a homozygous red flower plant was crossed with a homozygous white flower plant, their offspring would not just be white or red, they would be pink because it is a mixture of white and red. So then if you crossed the heterozygous, or Rr plants, the result would be a 25% chance of getting a homozygous RR red plant, a 50% chance of getting a pink Rr plant, and a 25% chance of getting a white rr plant, or another 1:2:1 ratio.

Sorry for the wordy answer, but hopefully this helps you understand this a little better :)

4 0

3 years ago

Determine whether the following statement is true or false: Because introns are largely genetic junk, they do not need to be rem

uysha [10]

Answer:

False

Explanation:

Introns need to be removed precisely because the reading frame will be shifted if removed even single nucleotide too many or leaving an intronic nucleotide in the spliced mRNA .

Extra amino acids will be inserted if large pieces of introns are left in the mature messenger RNA.

In both cases, aberrant protien will be produced if the RNA splicing is not precise, hence they are needed to be removed by precision.

4 0

3 years ago

How do bacteria maintain their internal ph despite the ph of the environment in which they grow?

ipn [44]

The answer to this question would be: by producing buffer

The pH of optimal growth of bacteria might be different. Some bacteria can grow in an acid condition called acidophile, other live in base condition called alkaliphiles and the rest live in neutral pH condition called neutrophiles. The bacteria can maintain their internal pH by producing acid, base or buffer. If the surrounding pH is too acid, the bacteria can reduce the H+ concentration by producing base. If the condition is too alkali/base, the bacteria can produce acid by doing fermentation.

7 0

3 years ago