Mitochondria(Mt) are the cell's "power stations" because the energy currency for the metabolic processes in the cell is synthesised inside this organelle via aerobic respiration. This process is known as oxidative phosphorylation. Mt is a double membraned, semi-autonomous organelle.
The mitochondrion's structure is specially tailored to the function it performs:
- The outer membrane contains carrier proteins that allow pyruvate produced during glycolysis to be transported from the cytoplasm.
- The electron transport chain(a series of protein complexes) and ATP synthase are located in the inner membrane to transfer electrons and ATP production respectively.
- The inner membrane is folded into numerous pockets called cristae, which raises the surface area: volume ratio.
- When proton accumulation occurs, the small intermembrane space between two membranes increases the hydrogen gradient.
- Matrix is the core chamber containing the necessary enzymes and pH for the Krebs cycle(oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from pyruvate) to take place.
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Answer:
The base pairing of complementary regions of RNA leader sequence determines if the transcription will be attenuated at the end of leader sequence or will continue for structural genes.
Explanation:
The RNA leader sequence of trp operon is the site where the transcription is initiated.
When tryptophan levels are high, translation of sequence 1 of the leader sequence is followed by base pairing between the complementary 3 and 4 regions of the leader sequence. The base pairing forms a terminator like attenuator and stops the expression of structural genes.
When tryptophan is not present, ribosome pauses at tryptophan codon of region 1 of the leader sequence. Hence, the regions 2 and 3 of the leader sequence base pair and prevents the formation of attenuator by not allowing the region 3 to pair with region 4.
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