The discriminant is the part of the quadratic formula that is inside the square root, b²-4ac. If b²-4ac is 32, a positive number, then the solutions will be rational numbers. If this discriminant was a negative value, then you would get imaginary numbers (non rational).
Anthony needs to find the greatest common factor of both 18 and 24. The reason why is because this way he can have the same number of plants in each row while having the greatest number in each row possible. The amount of plants he needs to put in each row is 6.