Estrogen and testosterone are non polar in nature.They can easily pass the cell mambrane which is made up of lipid bilayer.After entering the cell they bind to their intracellular receptors present in the cytoplasm.
The receptor hormone complex moves to the nucleus and perform transcription and later on translation of desired proteins.
Estrogen helps in the functioning of reproductive system as it supports growth and differentiation.Whereas testosterone is important for sertoli cells which help in the process of spermatogenesis i.e formation of sperm.
Answer: Tourette's Syndrome
Explanation:
Tourette's syndrome is a problem with the nervous system in which the person has no control over his movements such as turning his head, making sounds, grunts et cetera.
These movements are known as tics and they cannot control these movements.
A person suffering from this order may have blurt out words, blink their eyes they do not intend to say.
Orlando is also suffering from this disorder.
This will result in an incomplete amino acid that will cause the function of the protein to change and also the shape of the protein to change.
Answer:
We have just seen that pathogens constitute a diverse set of agents. There are correspondingly diverse ranges of mechanisms by which pathogens cause disease. But the survival and success of all pathogens require that they colonize the host, reach an appropriate niche, avoid host defenses, replicate, and exit the infected host to spread to an uninfected one. In this section, we examine the common strategies that are used by many pathogens to accomplish these tasks.
Explanation:
The first step in infection is for the pathogen to colonize the host. Most parts of the human body are well-protected from the environment by a thick and fairly tough covering of skin. The protective boundaries in some other human tissues (eyes, nasal passages and respiratory tract, mouth and digestive tract, urinary tract, and female genital tract) are less robust. For example, in the lungs and small intestine where oxygen and nutrients, respectively, are absorbed from the environment, the barrier is just a single monolayer of epithelial cells.
Skin and many other barrier epithelial surfaces are usually densely populated by normal flora. Some bacterial and fungal pathogens also colonize these surfaces and attempt to outcompete the normal flora, but most of them (as well as all viruses) avoid such competition by crossing these barriers to gain access to unoccupied niches within the host.
