Mostly because you need to understand the chain of command.
In a centralized organization, the decision making process fall to the hands of a very few people (in some case, it even can fall to one person) , which mean all level of managers can't move freely without the decision maker approval.
In a Decentralized organization, all different managers from different divisions have the authority to make decision
Answer:
a)Counterclockwise
b)ω=2 rad/s
Explanation:
Given that
Object at = --2 m
r= - 2 m
Velocity pf object V = - 4 m/s
We know that

r= - 2 i m
V= - 4 j m/s
- 4 j= ω x (- 2 i)
ω should be in counter clockwise (k) to satisfy the above equation.
It means that the direction of object will in counter clockwise.
4 = ω x 2
ω=2 rad/s
So object velocity at 2 m will be 2 rad/s.
I think its inductance. If its not then I think its none of the above