Answer:
1. The difference between the normal hemoglobin protein DNA sequence and the sickle cell hemoglobin DNA sequence is a base to base shift, in this case adenine (GAG) to thymine (GTG).
2. The difference affects the amino acid sequence of the protein by replacing glutamic acid (Glu) with valine (Val).
Explanation:
In sickle cell anemia, a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence is observed, where adenine is substituted by thymine, whose expression is the change in the amino acid sequence of globine β, incorporating valine instead of glutamic acid. This represents a molecular mutation - point mutation - by subtitution, which corresponds to missense mutation.
<u>Normal hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT GAG GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Ser
<u>Sickle cell hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT <em>GTG</em> GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro <em>Val</em> Glu Lys Ser
When GAG is transcribed to mRNA, the CUC codon is obtained, which codes for glutamic acid. Thymine substitution causes the DNA sequence to change to GTG, which is transcribed as CAC, the codon that encodes the amino acid valine. The <u>change from glutamic acid to valine in β-globin causes an altered hemoglobin, giving the abnormal erythrocytes observed in sickle cell disease</u>.
Deforestation is the most serious problem facing the world’s forests and the main regions of forest loss are Amazon rain forest.
Deforestation refers back to the decrease in wooded area areas internationally which are misplaced for different uses such as agricultural croplands, urbanization, or mining sports. significantly accelerated by means of human sports due to the fact that 1960, deforestation has been negatively affecting natural ecosystems, biodiversity, and the climate
If forests are cleared, or even disturbed, they release carbon dioxide and different greenhouse gases. forest loss and harm is the cause of around 10% of worldwide warming. there may be definitely no manner we can fight the climate crisis if we do not prevent deforestation.
Forest loss captures essential influences on woodland cover: deforestation and forest degradation. Deforestation is the whole removal of bushes for the conversion of wooded area to every other land use inclusive of agriculture, mining, or cities and towns.
Learn more about Deforestation here:-brainly.com/question/1478703
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Answer:
Mold fossils A fossilized impression made in the substrate; a negative image of the organism.
Cast fossils Formed when a mold is filled in.
Trace fossils or Ichnofossils Fossilized nests, gastroliths, burrows, footprints, etc.
True form fossils Fossils of the actual animal or animal part.
Nitrogen and oxygen make up about 99%of the atmosphere. I'm not sure if it will help! But thats all I know.
