Question

Bakers are much ___________ likely to supply pastries to the market if property rights are not enforced. In the presence of market failures, public policy can improve economic efficiency. Classify the source of market failure in each case listed.
a. A manufacturing plant dumps chemical waste into a nearby river, poisoning the water supply for a small town downstream.
b. A single public utilities company is responsible for supplying electricity for an entire state. As a result, the utilities company can set the price of electricity.

Answer 1

Answer: more; externality; market power.

Explanation:

Bakers are much (more) likely to supply pastries to the market if property rights are not enforced.

a. A manufacturing plant dumps chemical waste into a nearby river, poisoning the water supply for a small town downstream. - Externality

Externality, refers to the benefit s or costs that someone else incurs based on the economic decision of another person. In this case, this is a negative externality as the small town bears the cost of the production activities of the company.

b. A single public utilities company is responsible for supplying electricity for an entire state. As a result, the utilities company can set the price of electricity - Market power

Market power is when a firm is able to dictate the price and can then raise the price. This brings about the reduction in output as well. Since the single public utilities company is responsible for supplying electricity for an entire state, the company is enjoying monopoly power or market power.