Explanation:
Given that,
Radius of the circular loop, r = 3.5 cm = 0.035 m
(a) During a 0.12-s time interval, the magnitude of the field increases uniformly from 0.2 T to 0.5 T. Due to the change in the magnetic field, an emf will induced in it. The magnitude of induced emf is given by :

So, the magnitude of the emf induced in the loop during the time interval is
.
(b) The negative sign shows that the direction of induced emf in the loop is in anitclockwise direction.
Answer:
When going from slower medium to a faster medium, light is bent _downwards_.
Explanation:
hope this helps you!
Answer:
The vacuum tube was replaced with transistor.
Explanation:
- The invention of semiconductor was very useful in making solid state transistor that allowed the production of small yet faster, cheaper, and more trusted and reliable computers.
- These solid state transistor is so often used that, it nearly replaced all the use of transistor.
- This replacement took place after the invention of semiconductor in the year around 1940.
- Vacuum tubes also known as thermionic tubes are not used anymore in computers and electronics.