By starch, I'm assuming you mean glycogen, or animal starch.
Similarities:
Both are polysaccharide molecules made from glucose molecules linked together in a long chain.
Both are storehouses of energy.
Differences:
Glycogen is made in animal cells and is the only form of starch animals can digest (unless they have certain microbes in their intestinal tracts to break down cellulose, which all herbivores need).
Cellulose is made in plant cells.
The bonds are a bit different; the molecules are isomers. Glycogen bonds with what is called an alpha 1,4 bond, meaning that the first carbon of one glucose molecule is bonded to the 4th carbon of the next glucose molecule, but in a way that puts the bonds in a shape that falls below the plane of the molecule, and allows branching.
Cellulose bonds with beta 1,4 bonds. The first and fourth carbons of adjoining glucose molecules are still connected, but the shape of the bond falls above the plane of the molecule and does not branch.
Since enzymes are specific to their substrates, the enzymes shaped to fit glycogen bonds do not fit on cellulose bonds, which is why animals cannot digest cellulose on their own. In herbivores, there are microbes in their digestive tracts which can produce enzymes to break these bonds so the glucose can be used. In carnivores and omnivores like humans, there is no enzyme to break down cellulose so it becomes 'roughage' in our diets. It passes through the digestive tract without being broken down.
Individual and public health are affected by environmental and genetic factors is a statement which reflects reality. Firstly, susceptibility to certain diseases usually or often runs in a family so that if there is say, diabetes in the father and grandmother for example, the son or daughter has more chances of getting it so this is a genetic susceptibility.. Also, some families are more prone to cancer so that given the right circumstances, cancer can develop. So it is usually a combination of both genetic and environmental causes that results in a disease. An example of public health could be when smallpox was deliberately introduced to the First Nations people in British Columbia, Canada back in the 1800's to decimate them and remove their resistance to the gold mining hordes. Since the First Nations had no anti-bodies to counteract such a disease unlike the white men who introduced it to them, then they easily fell prey to it and died within days of contracting it.
Ans:
The characteristics of fungi are,
* Fungi are heterotrophic
* Fungi disperse themselves by releasing spores usually windblown
* Most fungi are grow as tubular filaments called huphae.
I only know one for the first one, don't be mad, please.
1. I'm pretty sure one of them is membrane
2. A cell can die through infection, poisoning, overheating, or even lack of oxygen.
3. I think it depends on how fragile the membrane of the cell is.
I'm so so so sorry if these didn't help, I'm trying my best, lol.
