Answers:
1. The basic building block of matter are atoms. Every atom is basically a tiny sphere. Every atom is composed of 2 regions, the outer part of the sphere is called the electron cloud and accounts for about 99.95% of the volume of an atom.
2. The electron cloud is the region of an atom in which the electrons are found. Electrons are tiny particles with a -1 electrical charge and almost no mass. Electricity is electrons flowing though a conductor, usually metal.
3. Every atom is composed of 2 regions. The very tiny center part of the spherical atom is called the nucleus. The nucleus accounts for about 99.95% of the mass of the atom even though it has almost no volume.
4. Every atom has a nucleus. The nucleus contains 2 different types of particles. The particle with the +1 electrical charge is called the proton. It has almost 2000 times more mass than an electron. The number of protons in the nucleus determine how many electrons the neutral atom has and all of the chemical reactions the atom can do.
5. Every atom has a nucleus. The nucleus contains 2 different types of particles. The particle with no (0) electrical charge is called the neutron. This particle is electrically neutral. The +1 charged protons would repel each other and destroy the nucleus if the neutrons were not neutralizing the repulsive force between the protons.
6. When graphing how the experimental “effect” depends on the experimental “cause”, the graph can show either a direct relationship or an inverse relationship or no relationship. If the “effect” (dependent variable) value increases when we make the “cause” (independent variable) value increase, then we call this a direct relationship.
7. When graphing how the experimental “effect” depends on the experimental “cause”, the graph can show either a direct relationship or an inverse relationship or no relationship. If the “effect” (dependent variable) value decreases when we make the “cause” (independent variable) value increase, then we call this an inverse relationship.
8. When graphing how the experimental “effect” depends on the experimental “cause”, the graph can show either a direct relationship or an inverse relationship or no relationship. If the “effect” (dependent variable) value doesn’t change when we make the “cause” (independent variable) value increase, then we call this no relationship.
9. An experiment needs an experimental control to validate its results. The experimental control can be one of 2 things. The experimental control can be a set of experimental conditions we repeat several times throughout the experiment. Or the experimental control can be a set of conditions which other experimenters have used and is considered “normal” or “state of the art.”
10. A variable is something which can change during an experiment. It works best when we only let 2 variables change. All the rest are kept constant and are called controlled variables.
Explanation:
First, you must know that an <u>atom is the smallest constituent unit of matter</u>, each solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. <u>Atoms are very small</u>, typical sizes are around 100 pm. <u>An atom is composed of a nucleus, in which protons and neutrons are found, and a crust or electron cloud in which electrons are found.</u>
<u>The nucleus has an equal number of neutrons and protons.</u> An atom that has the same number of electrons and protons is electronically neutral. If an atom has more or fewer electrons than protons, then it has a global negative or positive charge, respectively, and is called an ion.
The<u> electron has an electric charge of -1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C and a mass of 9.1 × 10⁻³¹ kg,</u> which is approximately 1800 times smaller than the mass of the proton or neutron. <u>The charge of the proton is equal to that of the electron but of the opposite sign.</u>
The mass of the proton and the neutron is very similar. <u>The proton has a mass of 1.6726 × 10⁻²⁷kg while the mass of the neutron is 1.6749 × 10⁻²⁷ kg. </u>The neutron is therefore only 0.1% larger than the proton.
Additionally, <u>experimentation consists in the study of a phenomenon</u> <u>through its reproduction in a laboratory under the particular conditions of study that interest</u>, eliminating or introducing the variables that may influence it. Thus, experimentation is the common method of experimental sciences and technologies to understand the nature and phenomena associated with it.
In the experiments there are independent and dependent variables. T<u>he independent variable is an event that is incorporated into the experiment and you want to see how it influences the dependent variable.</u> Thus, the effect of the independent variable on the dependent before and after the event studied is measured or quantified.
