Answer:
1. d. The reaction is spontaneous in the reverse direction at all temperatures.
2. c. The reaction is spontaneous at low temperatures.
Explanation:
The spontaneity of a reaction is associated with the Gibbs free energy (ΔG). When ΔG < 0, the reaction is spontaneous. When ΔG > 0, the reaction is non-spontaneous. ΔG is related to the enthalpy (ΔH) and the entropy (ΔS) through the following expression:
ΔG = ΔH - T. ΔS [1]
where,
T is the absolute temperature (T is always positive)
<em>1. What can be said about an Endothermic reaction with a negative entropy change?</em>
If the reaction is endothermic, ΔH > 0. Let's consider ΔS < 0. According to eq. [1], ΔG is always positive. The reaction is not spontaneous in the forward direction at any temperature. This means that the reaction is spontaneous in the reverse direction at all temperatures.
<em>2. What can be said about an Exothermic reaction with a negative entropy change?</em>
If the reaction is exothermic, ΔH < 0. Let's consider ΔS < 0. According to eq. [1], ΔG will be negative when |ΔH| > |T.ΔS|, that is, at low temperatures.
The half-life of polonium-210, given that it decays from 98.3 micrograms to 12.3 micrograms in 414 days is 138 days
<h3>How to determine the number of half-lives </h3>
- Original amount (N₀) = 98.3 micrograms
- Amount remaining (N) = 12.3 micrograms
- Number of half-lives (n) =?
2ⁿ = N₀ / N
2ⁿ = 98.3 / 12.3
2ⁿ = 8
2ⁿ = 2³
n = 3
<h3>How to determine the half life </h3>
- Number of half-lives (n) = 3
- Time (t) = 414 days
- Half-life (t½) = ?
t½ = t / n
t½ = 414 / 3
t½ = 138 days
Learn more about half life:
brainly.com/question/26374513
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An acid is a substance that donates hydrogen ions. Because of this, when an acid is dissolved in water, the balance between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is shifted. Now there are more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions in the solution.
Answer:
1 B
2A
#D
3B
1D
2B
3C
4A
A,C,A,B
C,A,C,A
C,A,A,B
Explanation:
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