Courts and judges make up the judicial branch of our government. There are three separate court levels in this branch, District Courts, Court of Appeals, and the Supreme Court. The Constitution created the Supreme Court and gave the power of establishing other courts to the Congress.
One of Paine's main arguments as to why it is important for America to exercise its right for independence is that it's impractical for such a large piece of territory to be governed by a small island. This of course was greatly inspirational for other colonies.