Answer:
Birds have remarkably specialized bones that are pneumatic, because they are full of air sacs that provide a continuous flow of breath throughout their bodies. In short, their lungs are essentially hooked up to their bones.
C ,D,E the endocrine system uses chemical messengers / hormones compound that is produced in one tissue, released into circulation, then has an effect on a different organ ,it doesnt act alone but cooperate with nervous or other systems and then interact with other cells. Hormones are specific target cells
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Answer:
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Explanation:Cancer is unchecked cell growth. Mutations in genes can cause cancer by accelerating cell division rates or inhibiting normal controls on the system, such as cell cycle arrest or programmed cell death. As a mass of cancerous cells grows, it can develop into a tumor.
<u>4 ATP</u> and 2 GTP equivalents are expended to convert 2 pyruvates to 1 glucose in gluconeogenesis.
- The process through which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate metabolites is known as gluconeogenesis.
- Pyruvate, lactate, a few gluconeogenic amino acids, and glycerol, which is mostly produced by fat metabolism, are the main gluconeogenic precursors.
- Four ATP, two GTP, and two NADH are required to produce each molecule of glucose from two pyruvate molecules. At a cost of 6 ATP molecules used in gluconeogenesis, glycolysis generates 2 ATP molecules.
- Pyruvate is converted back to glucose during gluconeogenesis by the following steps:
<em>2 Pyruvate+ 4 ATP + 2 GTP + 2 NADH + 2 H > Glucose + 4 ADP + 2 GDP + 6 Pi + 2 NAD + (2)</em>
- Even though it includes many of the same processes as glycolysis,
- Must make use of a variety of "new" reactions to avoid huge
- Favorable improvements in standard free energy
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