Answer:
All the given statements are correct except b.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) refers to the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of drug or a chemical that would normally limit its growth or kill it.
It makes it difficult for the existing drugs to eliminate the infection as they become less effective against the microbe.
There are five major mechanisms by which a microbe attains resistance against antimicrobial chemical or drug:
- Drug modification or inactivation: A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent. For example, few bacteria produce β-lactamases which provide multi-resistance against β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin, cephalosporin etc.
- Alteration or modification of target site: An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target. For example, alteration of penicillin binding protein (PBP) in Methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>(MRSA).
- Alteration of metabolic pathway: The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway. For example, sulfonamides-resistant bacteria started using preformed folic acid in place of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA).
- Decreased drug accumulation: Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent (before it could do any damage) by pumping it out of the cell.
- Decrease in cell permeability: The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased
Secondary succession usually occurs faster than primary succession because the substrate is already present. Compared to the image below, secondary succession does not need to have pioneer species colonize the land nor does decomposition need to occur to create a layer of topsoil.
They are found in the nucleus of the atoms
Answer:
Yes yes! Thank you. The pH of water is
because it contains an equal amount of H+ and OH lons.
9
5
7
That right there was in fact the question you just asked me. I am very smart so I will answer for you. The answer is simple.
ANSWER: the answer is yes H+ and definitely not H= because thats not tied to the answer or even problem very well. I hope this helped. Please be sure to have a great time and if you need anymore help my sister is always here for all of you, especially you, the person that just asked.
Explanation:
James Charles, yes yes. Theres the explanation.