Answer:
The information contained in DNA is expressed giving rise to proteins, through transcription processes, a step by which the information is transferred to a messenger RNA molecule (m-RNA) and, through the process of translation, the message carried by m-RNA is translated into protein.
Answer is D. The phosphate group of membrane lipids are negatively charged.
The cell or plasma membrane is a bilayer of phospholipids. The two phospholipids layers are opposite to each other. Each phospholipid molecule consists of a phosphate group and a lipid. The phosphate form inner and outer layers of hydorphilic and are negatively charged 'heads' and lipid forms the tail, hydrophobic and non-polar. Since phosphate is negatively charged it repels negatively charged molecules and do allow them to pass through it.
A system was developed to measure the efficiency of plasmid gap repair by homologous recombination using either chromosomal or plasmid
<h3>What is
plasmid gap?</h3>
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, gap repair is a quick and effective technique for putting together recombinant DNA molecules. By homologous recombination between two or more linear DNA fragments, one of which is typically a vector carrying replicative sequences and a selective marker, this technique creates a circular DNA molecule.
Bacteria and certain other microscopic species contain plasmids, which are tiny circular DNA molecules. Physically distinct from chromosomal DNA, plasmids multiply on their own.
In genetic engineering, plasmids are used to amplify, or make several copies of, specific genes. A plasmid is a particular kind of vector used in molecular cloning. A DNA sequence known as a vector is capable of moving foreign genetic material from one cell to another, where the genes can then be expressed and duplicated.
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When stress becomes long-term and is not properly addressed, it can lead to a number of more serious health conditions, including depression. It's high blood pressure.
