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3 years ago

B. Mutations: 1. Ways to get mutations mistakes from DNA replication, but also from:

Biology

1 answer:

ad-work [718]3 years ago

7 0

Answer:

nontautomeric chemical forms of bases (e.g., bases with an extra proton, which can still bind but often with a mismatched nucleotide, such as an A with a G instead of a T)

Explanation:

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Below is a mature eukaryotic mRNA transcript. Translate this mRNA into a protein, also showing the tRNA anticodons involved. Mak

diamong [38]

Answer:

mRNA ⇒ 5'GMU UAC AUG CGG CUC AGU UGA GGC GAA AAA A 3'

tRNA ⇒ UAC GCC GAG UCA ACU

protein ⇒ N - MET ARG LEU SER Stop - C

Explanation:

In protein synthesis, the ribosome reads mRNA in the 5´ to 3´ direction, and, according to the codons that are being readen, tRNA transfers the correct amino acids to build the polypeptide chain. A codon is a short sequence of three nucleotides that store the genetic information for the aminoacids´ assembly. Each tRNA has two important sites. One of them that couples with the codon of the mRNA molecule, named anticodon. The other site couples with an amino acid. tRNA allows amino acids to align according to the nucleotidic sequence in the mRNA molecule.

Once the new amino acid links to the growing peptidic chain, the binding between the amino acid and the tRNA molecule breaks. The tRNA is now free to join another amino acid and repeat the cycle.

The protein is synthesized from the amino terminus to the carboxy terminus, while the added amino acids to the chain are coded by a codon formed by three bases in the mRNA. mARNs also have a start and end codon that are the signals of the synthesis initiation and finish. When the ribosome reaches the end codon, protein synthesis is over.

Each of the codons represents one of the 20 amino acids used to build the protein. Each amino acid can be codified by more than one codon. From the total 64 codons, 61 codify amino acids, and one of them is a start codon. The left three codons are stopping translation points.

The codons indicating the initiation or stop points during the translation process are:

• The start codon AUG is the most common sequence used by eukaryotic cells and places near the 5´extreme of the molecule.

• The end codons are UAA, UAG, UGA.

Protein synthesis initiates in the AUG start codon -Metionin-, and ends when reaching either of the stop codons UAA, UAG, UGA.

In the exposed example we have the following mRNA.

mRNA ⇒ 5'GMU UAC AUG CGG CUC AGU UGA GGC GAA AAA A 3'

Codons are separated by a space left between them. AUG is the start codon placed near the 5´ extreme. UGA is the end codon near the 3´ extreme. tRNA will add amino acids from the start codon, not before.

tRNA ⇒ UAC GCC GAG UCA ACU

Anticodons are separated by a space left between them.

protein ⇒ N - MET ARG LEU SER Stop - C

Each mRNA codon codifies for an amino acid. The start codon codifies for methionine. AUG = Met, CGG = Arg, CUC = Leu, AGU = Ser, UGA = Stop codon. The amino terminus is represented as an N and the carboxy terminus is a C. The first extreme to be translated carries the amino-terminal group, while the other extreme carries the carboxy-terminus group.

5 0

3 years ago

***please help.***

Fantom [35]

Answer:

1. first part Gene expression is the process by which the instructions in our DNA are converted into a functional product, such as a protein. When the information stored in our DNA? is converted into instructions for making proteins or other molecules, it is called gene expression. second part Double-stranded DNA consists of two polynucleotides that are arranged such that the nitrogenous bases within one polynucleotide are attached to the nitrogenous bases within another polynucleotide by way of special chemical bonds called hydrogen bonds.

2. Gene regulation is an important part of normal development. Genes are turned on and off in different patterns during development to make a brain cell look and act different from a liver cell or a muscle cell, for example. Gene regulation also allows cells to react quickly to changes in their environments.

3. Non-coding DNA sequences do not code for amino acids. Most non-coding DNA lies between genes on the chromosome and has no known function. Other non-coding DNA, called introns, is found within genes. Some non-coding DNA plays a role in the regulation of gene expression.

4 0

2 years ago

What structures form when many similar specializes cells come together

Vladimir79 [104]

Tissues form when many similar specializes cells come together.

The level of complexity in organisms from smaller to larger are:
Cells, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism finally.

Cells makes up tissue, tissue makes up organ, organs makes up organ systems, and organ systems makes up an organism.

Therefore, if the same type of cells come together, they'll make up tissue.

7 0

3 years ago

Chicken leg vinegar cola experiment

julia-pushkina [17]

Well what you have to do lol

5 0

3 years ago

Pietro has two dogs that are related, and he wants to understand why one of the dogs has tan fur and the other has brown fur.

kompoz [17]

Polygenic inheritance is simply a form of inheritance whereby the trait of the individual or the animal is gotten from the cumulative effects of several genes. In such case, there are many genes which control the expression of the trait. This is quite different from the monogenic inheritance whereby the trait is as a result of the expression of just only one gene.

Since Pietro has two dogs that are related, and one of the dogs has tan fur and the other has brown fur, then this means there's more than one gene which is expressed in this case.

In conclusion, the answer to the question is polygenic inheritance.

Read related question on:

brainly.com/question/22923

6 0

3 years ago