Answer:
I believe the answer is d
Explanation:
a b and c all come after the discovery of america
Historians refer to the rise of Andrew Jackson to the presidency as a “triumph of the white man’s democracy” because during the so-called “Age of Jackson” the right to vote was extended to nearly every white adult male, fueling the modern party system, and slavery became stronger in the south forcing thousands of Native Americans off their land.
The Democratic-Republican Party split over the presidential succession, when the party faction that supported the old Jeffersonian principles, led by Andrew Jackson, became the modern Democratic Party.
Answer: theory/concept of natural state.
Explanation: Modern times (in philosophy usually associated with René Descartes, who died in 1650, i.e. times when so-called modern philosophy was initiated) mark the beginning of non-religious explanation of society. It means that social philosophers no more refer to Bible and Biblical mythology as their primary resource. Instead of that they work with the fiction of "natural state". These theories are usually called theories of natural state and within these concept one can find not only concept of human nature (as a part of modern philosophical anthropology) but also so called "natural rights" of men. It is especially Locke and Hobbes that mark that period in this respect, but also bit younger Jean Jacques Rousseau.
Their colonial experience led them to the point where they were sick of monarchistic European influence and wanted to create a fully democratic republic, created by the people for the people, not for the well being of a royal family.