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ycow [4]
2 years ago
8

How are humans immune to infectious diseases after they have already contracted the disease previously? and How do vaccinations

work to provide immunity?
Biology
1 answer:
Varvara68 [4.7K]2 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Explanation:

Immunity to a disease is achieved through the presence of antibodies to that disease in a person's system. Antibodies are proteins produced by the body to neutralize or destroy toxins or disease-carrying organisms. Antibodies are disease-specific. Viruses make us sick by killing cells or disrupting cell function. Our bodies often respond with fever (heat inactivates many viruses), the secretion of a chemical called interferon (which blocks viruses from reproducing), or by marshaling the immune system's antibodies and other cells to target the invader. A vaccine works by training the immune system to recognize and combat pathogens, either viruses or bacteria. To do this, certain molecules from the pathogen must be introduced into the body to trigger an immune response. These molecules are called antigens, and they are present on all viruses and bacteria.  

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Pain signals often have two components: an acute sensation of "first pain" which is felt almost immediately after an injury, and
o-na [289]

Answer:

This suggests that neurons that send the signals that we perceive as first pain Myelinated Tpye A-delta___, and neurons that send the signals that we perceive as second pain Unmyelinated-Type C.___.

Explanation:

Physiologically, primary afferent neurons that innervated the the touch, pain, temperature,and pressure receptors in the effectors  to input sensory signals to the spinal cord and the brain  are categorized based on their diameter, sizes, and nature of  myelination. Based on this;

<u>A-alpha has the largest diameter, myelinated, and sensitive to sensation from the muscle cells</u>

<u>A-beta are next in diameter, myelinated and sensitive to sensation  of touch.</u>

A-delta followed in diameter, and  size. They are mylinated, and sensitive to pain and temperature.

<u>C-fibres are least in diameter, they are unmyelinated, but sensitive to pain, touch and temperature.</u>

<u />

<u>Therefore, if the speed of conduction,of action  potential in a neuron depends on the diameter(thickness) and myelination of the axon(saltatory conduction)</u> :

''then, acute sensation/ first pain should be transmitted by the A-delta fibre. While the the slower/second pain should be transmitted by the slower unmyelinated - C-fibres''.

5 0
3 years ago
What is the difference between bottom-up and top-down controls in ecosystems?
NARA [144]

Answer:

A bottom-up system concentrates attention on how resources (space and nutrients) influence higher trophic forms , whereas a top-down system focuses on interactions at top level consumers (predators) and their prey influence on lower trophic forms.

Explanation:

hope it helps you  !

5 0
3 years ago
Kevin weighed his baggage before going on a trip. In what unit did the measuring scale show the weight of his baggage? What is t
Aliun [14]
The shortened form of the unit that Kevin's bag was weighed in would be Lbs.
6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Bacteria and eukaryotes share the characteristic of...?
zheka24 [161]
C) A cell membrane. 
Bacteria are unicellular and do not have a nucleus. 

i hope i helped:)
4 0
3 years ago
For which amino acid is AAA a codon
abruzzese [7]

Answer:

proline

Explanation:

coded for the polypeptide poly-proline. Therefore, the codon AAA specified the amino acid lysine, and the codon CCC specified the amino acid proline.

7 0
3 years ago
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