Answer:
D) infectious proteins with no associated nucleic acid.
Explanation:
The surface area of a sphere can be approximated as follows: Surface area = 4πr2; where r is the radius of the sphere; π is a constant that is roughly equal to 3.
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in heritable traits of a population over time. The term "natural selection" was popularised by Charles Darwin who compared it with artificial selection, now more commonly referred to as selective breeding.