Answer:
Scientific management.
Explanation:
Scientific management is a theory that analyzes and synthesizes the workflow of, in this case, a company. It's main objective is to improve the economic and labor efficiency. That could be made to happen if, like Jim is doing, you focus on every step in the process, from training to financially reward the workers. It's a sort of engineering of the process and management.
Answer:
Universities.
Explanation:
In medieval times, higher learning institutions began to become more important, with scholars desirous of better education attending schools or universities to attain such knowledge. These universities would excel in the study of arts, medicine, law, or medicine.
These universities were established in the kingdom of Italy and then spread to England, Portugal, and Spain. Initially, these universities would be based on Catholic schools but then evolve to a much wider scope of 'education'. The first universities were more concerned with philosophical studies, between students and masters, and 'classes' taken in big stadiums or halls. Later on, many modern universities would be established with western style organizational forms.
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