Using natural gas is cheaper from other fossil fuels when used for personal needs. It also doesn't pollute the ground or the underground water.
<u>Answer:</u> The volume of NaOH solution required to reach the half-equivalence point is 0.09 mL
<u>Explanation:</u>
The chemical equation for the dissociation of butanoic acid follows:
![CH_3CH_2CH_2COOH\rightleftharpoons CH_3CH_2CH_2COO^-+H^+](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=CH_3CH_2CH_2COOH%5Crightleftharpoons%20CH_3CH_2CH_2COO%5E-%2BH%5E%2B)
The expression of
for above equation follows:
![K_a=\frac{[CH_3CH_2CH_2COO^-][H^+]}{[CH_3CH_2CH_2COOH]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_a%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5BCH_3CH_2CH_2COO%5E-%5D%5BH%5E%2B%5D%7D%7B%5BCH_3CH_2CH_2COOH%5D%7D)
We are given:
![[CH_3CH_2CH_2COOH]=0.888M\\K_a=1.54\times 10^{-5}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BCH_3CH_2CH_2COOH%5D%3D0.888M%5C%5CK_a%3D1.54%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-5%7D)
![[CH_3CH_2CH_2COO^-]=[H^+]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BCH_3CH_2CH_2COO%5E-%5D%3D%5BH%5E%2B%5D)
Putting values in above expression, we get:
![1.54\times 10^{-5}=\frac{[H^+]^2}{0.888}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=1.54%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-5%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5BH%5E%2B%5D%5E2%7D%7B0.888%7D)
![[H^+]=-0.0037,0.0037](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BH%5E%2B%5D%3D-0.0037%2C0.0037)
Neglecting the negative value because concentration cannot be negative
To calculate the volume of base, we use the equation given by neutralization reaction:
![n_1M_1V_1=n_2M_2V_2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=n_1M_1V_1%3Dn_2M_2V_2)
where,
are the n-factor, molarity and volume of acid which is butanoic acid
are the n-factor, molarity and volume of base which is NaOH.
We are given:
![n_1=1\\M_1=\frac{0.0037}{2}M\text{ (half equivalence)}\\V_1=20.00mL\\n_2=1\\M_2=0.425M\\V_2=?mL](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=n_1%3D1%5C%5CM_1%3D%5Cfrac%7B0.0037%7D%7B2%7DM%5Ctext%7B%20%28half%20equivalence%29%7D%5C%5CV_1%3D20.00mL%5C%5Cn_2%3D1%5C%5CM_2%3D0.425M%5C%5CV_2%3D%3FmL)
Putting values in above equation, we get:
![1\times \frac{0.0037}{2}\times 20.00=1\times 0.425\times V_2\\\\V_2=\frac{1\times 0.0037\times 20}{1\times 0.425\times 2}=0.087mL](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=1%5Ctimes%20%5Cfrac%7B0.0037%7D%7B2%7D%5Ctimes%2020.00%3D1%5Ctimes%200.425%5Ctimes%20V_2%5C%5C%5C%5CV_2%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%5Ctimes%200.0037%5Ctimes%2020%7D%7B1%5Ctimes%200.425%5Ctimes%202%7D%3D0.087mL)
Hence, the volume of NaOH solution required to reach the half-equivalence point is 0.09 mL
Explanation:
Noble gases are group O elements and their atomic structure ensures that they are stable. All their orbitals are completely filled with electrons therefore they do not undergo reactions with other elements.
- Heavier noble gases are able to form a range of compounds due their sizes.
- Elements form compounds by exchanging or sharing of their outermost shell electrons called the valence electron.
- Every atom has specific energy required to remove electrons from them. The energy is known as the ionization energy.
- In bigger atoms which have large radius, the outermost electrons have low ionization energy which makes them easy to remove.
- The ionization energy depends on the nuclear charge, the more the charge the higher the ionization energy. Down a group the nuclear charge and ionization decreases.
- As we go down the inert group, the ionization energy of outer shell electrons become very low. This makes the electrons available to take part in chemical reactions.
Learn more:
Noble gas brainly.com/question/10874792
#learnwithBrainly
Answer:
The time that is needed for the reaction will increase. I know this because the chart shows the volume of water is increases, this means the volume to time ratio is the same. So, the time will increase from the first flask to the last flask.
Explanation: