There are several ways to give an object potential energy. One can move the object against the force of gravity to increase. One can also stretch an object out or put pressure on it.
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When water is turned into vapor (a gas), that is called evaporation.
Hope this helps. :)
I know I'm super late to answering this because it's a two week old question, but I'll just answer it any way lol.
The main reason why modern chemistry is considered scientific is because to confirm their results, scientists use the scientific method.
