Answer:
Lichens are often the first organism to colonize a new surface such as bare rock.
Many organisms require soil before they can colonize an area. Lichens that colonize bare rock secrete acids that break down the rock and start the soil-production process. Also, as lichens die, they provide some organic matter that also contributes to soil.
* Hopefully this helps:) Mark me the brainliest:)!!
If by buffer you mean dilute or cancel out a 12 ph level is a base so you need to add the equal and opposite amount of acid to it....kind of like how -1+1=0
hope this helps im learning about this too!
Osteoprogenitor and osteogenic good luck
