Carbon dioxide is generated in tissues as a byproduct of normal metabolism. It dissolves in blood plasma to form carbonic acid (H2CO3); red blood cell (RBC) carbonic anhydrase catalyzes this reaction. Carbonic acid then spontaneously dissociates to form bicarbonate (HCO3−) and a hydrogen ion (H+). In response to the decrease in intracellular <span>pCO2</span>, more CO2 passively diffuses into the cell.
Cell membranes are generally impermeable to charged ions (i.e. H+, HCO3− ) but RBCs are able to exchange bicarbonate for chloride using the anion exchanger protein Band 3. Thus, the rise in intracellular bicarbonate leads to bicarbonate export and chloride intake. The term "chloride shift" refers to this exchange. Consequently, chloride concentration is lower in systemic venous blood than in systemic arterial blood: high venous pCO2 leads to bicarbonate production in RBCs, which then leaves the RBC in exchange for chloride coming in.<span>[2]</span>
Answer:
oxygen, let me know if this helps
Answer: Two main processes can cause less water to be excreted.- Less water intake Greater need for water in the body. This could include increased food consumption, especially foods containing salts that have to be diluted in the digestion process. Dietary fiber retains more water in the digestive tract until it is finally excreted. ^W^
Write a paragraph on the assigned topic. then echange 14 of the words you have already used for 14 of your assigned words. make sure they all make sense though. add sentances or extra words if necessary. also make sure that your words you are exchanging have at least a similar definition. im assuming this is a vocabulary assignment.
