Answer:
Ligand-receptor interaction is the first interaction that triggers cell signalling.
Ligands are the hormones, drugs or neurotransmitters that specifically bind with receptors present in cell surface to initiate cell signalling. Ligand binding to the receptor is reversible. Binding of the ligand to the receptor can activate or inactivate receptor. Activation may lead to cell signalling pathways. Inside cells, there are secondary molecules which on activation starts a cascade of reactions. which in-turn regulate the function of the ligand molecule.
At first, the activated receptor relates with G proteins molecules in the cell.
before the ultimate physiological effect of the ligand on the cell's behavior is produced Therefore, the cellular signaling starts as soon as the first messenger (the ligand) binds to its receptor.
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Most eukaryotic cells that are not involved in the production of gametes undergo mitosis. These cells, known as somatic cells, are important to the survival of eukaryotic organisms, and it is essential that somatic parent and daughter cells do not vary from one another.
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The correct option is A ie the process whereby non-sister chromatids exchange genetic material
- Between prophase I and metaphase I, a process known as crossing over occurs in which two homologous non-sister chromatids join up and exchange various pieces of genetic material to create two recombinant chromosome sister chromatids.
- When genetic material is switched between two chromosomes, this process is known as crossing over.
- It is in charge of causing genetic variation among members of a species.
- Only the reproductive cells known as gametes undergo this process.
- The steps involved in crossing over are as follows:
1) Synapsis.
2) Chromosome duplication
3) Crossing over.
4) Terminalizataion.
Learn more about crossing over here :
brainly.com/question/20662534
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Answer:
AIDS
Explanation:
AIDS is the most common infectious disease causing lymphocytopenia, which arises from destruction of CD4+ T cells infected with HIV.
Chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the cell during metaphase.
