Answer:
A frameshift changes every codon past it. A base substitution only changes one codon.
Explanation:
DNA is comprised of nucleotides (A, C, T, G) that make up amino acids. Every three bases is called a codon and represents an amino acid.
In a frameshift mutation, a nucleotide is either added or deleted from the sequence. This offsets the entire sequence after it because the reading frame shifts. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
If another T is added in between the first and second codons, then every codon after will be changed.
ACT>T<GCTATCGTCATC
A substitution mutation is usually less severe, as it only alters one codon in the sequence. These occur when one nucleotide is replaced by another one. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
Let's say the first G is replaced by a T.
ACT>T<CTATCGTCATC
As you can see, none of the other codons changed.
Typically, a frameshift mutation is considered worse than a substitution mutation.
The correct answer for both blanks is "Sodium".
Sodium ions are necessary in small quantities for some sorts of flora, but sodium as a nutrient is extra usually wanted in large quantities by using animals, due to their use of it for era of nerve impulses and for upkeep of electrolyte balance and fluid stability. In animals, sodium ions are vital for the aforementioned capabilities and for coronary heart hobby and sure metabolic functions.
In McMillen and Austin’s research (1971), participants who had lied were more likely to volunteer a large amount of time.
Explanation:
The research work conducted by Mcmillen and Austin in the year 1971, included college students as participants of the research. In this process they are asked to perform a small test of intelligence. One portion of them was asked to cheat and lie and the rest were left not to cheat.
After finishing the test, the participants were asked to help the administrator to conduct the next round of test for other slot of participants. It was seen that the students who did not lie or cheat, helped them in their work for about 2 minutes. But students, who did lie, stayed and helped for 53 minutes.
