Answer: mk!
Explanation: thanks for the points
Answer:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating and an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by immune-mediated myelin and axonal damage, and chronic axonal loss attributable to the absence of myelin sheaths. T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17, CD8+, NKT, CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells) and B cells are involved in this disorder, thus new MS therapies seek damage prevention by resetting multiple components of the immune system. The currently approved therapies are immunoregulatory and reduce the number and rate of lesion formation but are only partially effective. This review summarizes current understanding of the processes at issue: myelination, demyelination and remyelination—with emphasis upon myelin composition/architecture and oligodendrocyte maturation and differentiation. The translational options target oligodendrocyte protection and myelin repair in animal models and assess their relevance in human. Remyelination may be enhanced by signals that promote myelin formation and repair. The crucial question of why remyelination fails is approached is several ways by examining the role in remyelination of available MS medications and avenues being actively pursued to promote remyelination including: (i) cytokine-based immune-intervention (targeting calpain inhibition), (ii) antigen-based immunomodulation (targeting glycolipid-reactive iNKT cells and sphingoid mediated inflammation) and (iii) recombinant monoclonal antibodies-induced remyelination.Keywords: calpain, central nervous system, demyelination, fingolimod, glycolipids, lipids, multiple sclerosis, myelin, myelination, NKT cells, oligodendrocytes, remyelination, T cells
Explanation:
Answer:
constant speed is where the speed is the same throughout and instantaneous speed is speed given at any moment and average speed is a total distance traveled divided by the amount of time it took to travel it.
Explanation:
Answer: Sagittal plane. Otherwise known as the lateral plane.
Answer:
Regarding pathogens, the statement that is true is that viruses cannot reproduce on their own.
Explanation:
Viruses are pathogenic agents not considered as living beings, since they are only constituted by genetic material surrounded by a viral capsid, besides not fulfilling vital functions.
These agents are unable to reproduce on their own, so they need to place their genetic material —DNA or RNA— inside a host cell, to modify its nuclear DNA and be able to reproduce.
The other options are not correct because:
- <u><em>Influenza can cause an upset stomach</em></u><em>. Influenza primarily affects the respiratory system.</em>
- <u><em>Pathogens affect everyone equally.</em></u><em> Each individual's immune response is different when exposed to the same pathogen.
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- <u><em>Fungi are large, stoneflies organisms</em></u><em>. The pathogenic fungi, such as Candida albicans and Trichophyton, are different from the mushrooms and fungi that can be seen in soil or decomposed organic matter.</em>
