<span>d. all of the above<<<<<<<<<</span>
Answer:
The correct order of events is:
C) Nicotine binds to the transmembrane protein that normally binds the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
A) The acetylcholine receptor is an ion channel, and when a ligand binds, the ion channel opens.
B) An influx of ions carries the signal to the reward areas of the brain.
D) The signal causes release of dopamine in the brain, which causes good feelings.
E) Nicotine is quickly eliminated from the body (causing cravings for more cigarettes to produce good feelings).
Explanation:
Nicotine acts on acetyl cholinergic receptors that are located in membranes of the midbrain neurons. Nicotine can activate those receptors or block them more efficiently than acetylcholine. Stimulation of nicotinic receptors leads to an increase in ions flow that reaches the brain and causes dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens through axonal prolongations of the dopaminergic pathway. This response is responsible for the smoker´s recompense sensation.
The dopaminergic pathway is the most important way in the process of nicotine dependence and addiction to the drug.
Answer:
lysosomes
Explanation:
A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes.
Lysosomes are involved with various cell processes. They break down excess or worn-out cell parts.
Answer:
- <u>Option:(1)-</u>The <u>Genetic drift </u>theory is an evolutionary concept that suggests that behaviors that help an organism survive are passed on while weak behaviors are lost.
Explanation:
According to this theory, an organisms faces different levels or kinds of environmental factors, which either suppresses or increases the level of a certain allele frequency inside an organisms genetic sequence, which then results in the change in behavior of that organism. And through many generations the changes in behavior may pass on from one to another, as the changes does not occur in a single generation.But, the alleles frequency are suppressed and increased with time, when they face different environmental factors or situations.
