Explanation: y is greater than -5 because the darkened line is heading towards the positive side. (The positives are greater than the negatives.) (The smaller negative numbers are greater than the larger negative numbers.)
Logb1=0 log b 1 = 0 . This follows from the fact that b0=1 b 0 = 1 . logbb=1 log b b = 1 . This follows from the fact that b1=b b 1 = b . logbbx=x log b b x = x . This can be generalized out to logbbf(x)=f(x) log b b f ( x ) = f ( x ) .