The greenhouse effect is an essential phenomenon for life on earth. However, human activities such as pollution and burning of fossil fuels have caused an intensification of this effect, which has harmed the atmosphere and is directly related to global warming.
The greenhouse effect is formed by a layer of atmospheric gases that settle around the planet and allows a temperature suitable for life to reach the earth's surface. Therefore, we can guarantee that this effect is essential for our survival. It is necessary that the amount of these gases is kept in equilibrium for this temperature to be constant.
However, the burning of fossil fuels, industrial activities, pollution (caused by vehicles, aerosols, fires, among others), the use of non-renewable energy releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere daily and in large quantities.
This causes the layer of greenhouse gases that circulates the earth to become more and more expanded, not being able to disperse solar radiation easily and causing an increasing temperature. All that heat is retained in the atmosphere, thus generating global warming, which allows the planet's temperature and ocean water to increase dramatically, which can cause various harmful effects to life on the planet.
For this reason, it is necessary to carry out public policies that reduce pollution and encourage the use of clean and renewable energy that does not increase the layer of greenhouse cases, promoting well-being and life on earth.
Answer:
Hemoglobin is responsible for binding and transporting oxygen in the body. It is a tetrameric protein that is found in high concentration in red blood cells (erythrocytes, red blood cells). Each hemoglobin molecule is made up of four subunits: two of the alpha type and two of the beta type, and each subunit can bind an oxygen molecule through its heme group.
Structure studies have shown that hemoglobin can adopt two conformations, called T (tense) and R (relaxed). Deoxyhemoglobin (in blue) is in state T, and the union of oxygen (in red) causes the transition to state R. The animation shows a close view of the heme group (in white, balls and rods) of one of the subunits of hemoglobin. In the deoxygenated state (T), the iron atom is not coplanar with the rest of the heme group due to its association with the histidine side chain. The union of oxygen displaces the iron atom so that it remains coplanar with the rest of the heme group, which in turn drags histidine, producing a larger-scale conformational change that affects the entire protein.
Hemoglobin can be considered as a tetramer formed by two alpha-beta dimers. The conformational change associated with the transition from T to R mainly affects the relative position of these two dimers (rather than the interactions between the alpha and beta subunits within a dimer). This is illustrated in the last stretch of the animation (drawn in black and white).
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Early in mitosis, during prophase and prometaphase, the nucleus, nucleolus and nuclear envelope begin to dissolve in preparation for cell division. During telophase, which is the final stage in mitosis,, there is a reversal of effects of prophase and prometaphase; nucleus, nucleolus and nuclear envelope are again formed.
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