Energy for the first one and life for the last
By interfering with the absorption of BILE in the intestine. Bile contains cholesterol, if it absorbed from the intestines it will increase the level of cholesterol in the blood stream. So, the viscous fiber stop this by sequestering the bile acids.
Answer:
Both electron transport and a proton gradient
Explanation:
The process of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and electron transport chain in photosynthesis undergo chemiosmosis to produce ATP molecules.
Chemiosmosis is a process where the energy utilized by the movement of proton and electrons produces ATP molecules.
Both the processes involve the movement of electrons through electron carriers where the reduced energy is utilized to drive the flow of protons through the plasma membrane. This creates a proton gradient across the plasma membrane which rotates the ATP synthase and converts the ADP molecules into ATP molecules.
Thus, the selected option is correct.
Among the non-mammalian vertebrates, the cloaca is an anatomical structure that function as a shared pathway for the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems. Cloaca in vertebrates, common chamber and outlet into which the intestinal, urinary, and genital tracts open. It is present in amphibians, reptiles, birds, elasmobranch fishes, and monotremes. Cloaca is not present in placental mammals or in most bony fish.
