It's impossible to identify a solution for market failure without clearly identifying what a market failure is and why it persists. The common interpretation of market failure is the failure of a market to live up to the standards of perfect competition that leads to an efficient distribution of goods and services.
Answer:This threat to internal validity is called TESTING.
Explanation:
Testing refers a instant when a test is repeated with measures remaining constant as they were in the first test.
If participants are given the same test multiple times it is very likely that they may perform better only because they have mastered the test procedure and can now know how to respond better.
This will affect internal validity of the test because the result are no longer the real presentation of the outcome of the test.
Internal validity refers to how trustworthy an outcome is when looking at the cause and effect.
Answer:
An activity-based approach refines a costing system by focusing on individual activities as the fundamental cost objects. It uses the cost of these activities as the basis for assigning cost objects such as products or services.
Explanation:
This is a costing system that works by allocating costs to different cost items based on the activity level of these items. This as opposed to traditional costing methods, assigns indirect or overhead cost to products or services less arbitrarily through identifying products or services with most activity or less activity and allocating costs to them based on this measurement.
