100,000 years ago is your answer
In geology, a graded bed is one characterized by a systematic change in grain or clast size from one side of the bed to the other. Most commonly this takes the form of normal grading, with coarser sediments at the base, which grade upward into progressively finer onesI just learned about this in our rocks and minerals unit for science,
Half life formula
The number of unstable nuclei remaining after time t can be determined according to this equation:
N(t) = N(0) * 0.5^(t/T)
where:
N(t) is the remaining quantity of a substance after time t has elapsed.
N(0) is the initial quantity of this substance.
T is the half-life.
It is also possible to determine the remaining quantity of a substance using a few other parameters:
N(t) = N(0) * e^(-t/τ)
N(t) = N(0) * e^(-λt)
τ is the mean lifetime - the average amount of time a nucleus remains intact.
λ is the decay constant (rate of decay).
All three of the parameters characterizing a substance's radioactivity are related in the following way:
T = ln(2)/λ = ln(2)*τ
How to calculate the half life
Determine the initial amount of a substance. For example, N(0) = 2.5 kg.
Determine the final amount of a substance - for instance, N(t) = 2.1 kg.
Measure how long it took for that amount of material to decay. In our experiment, we observed that it took 5 minutes.
Input these values into our half life calculator. It will compute a result for you instantaneously - in this case, the half life is equal to 19.88 minutes.
If you are not certain that our calculator returned the correct result, you can always check it using the half life formula.
D. Enzymes and antibodies
Tortoise shell cats can be explained as the offspring from a incomplete dominance cross. Incomplete dominance gives rise to an intermediate phenotype.
The scientific phenomenon that explains the color pattern is X-linked incomplete dominance.
- As stated earlier, the tortoise shell colour is as a result of incomplete dominance but as it exists only in females, the inheritance is X linked.
- This means the tortoise shell colour is inherited in the heterozygous condition as females have two X (XX) and males (XY) can only be either of the parent's true breeding genotype.
Learn more about X- linked traits: brainly.com/question/14548821
